Partial Replacement Of Fine Aggregate Research Articles

Fire Resistance of Lightweight Aggregate Concrete Containing Spent Garnet as Partial Fine Aggregate Replacement

Introduction The escalating demand for concrete, driven by global infrastructure development, poses significant challenges to environmental sustainability due to the depletion of natural resources and the accumulation of waste materials. This paper explores the potential of utilizing waste materials, particularly palm oil clinker (POC) and spent garnets, as sustainable alternatives in concrete production. The depletion of natural aggregates, such as river sand, coupled with the environmental hazards associated with waste disposal, underscores the urgent need for eco-friendly solutions in construction materials. POC, derived from palm oil production waste, and spent garnets from abrasive industries offer promising avenues for reducing environmental impact and enhancing sustainability in concrete production. By addressing the dual challenges of resource depletion and waste management, this research aims to contribute to developing greener construction practices and mitigating environmental degradation. Aims This study aims to investigate the effects of incorporating spent garnet as a partial fine aggregate replacement on the fire resistance of POC LWAC. By examining the interplay between spent garnet inclusion and fire resistance, the research contributes to developing more sustainable concrete formulations and aids in industrial waste management practices, addressing critical societal and environmental challenges. Methods This study investigates the effects of elevated temperatures on the compressive strength and durability of POC LWAC specimens. Concrete specimens were demoulded after 24 hours of curing and submerged in water for 28 days. Compressive strength and water absorption tests were conducted at the end of the curing period. Subsequently, specimens were subjected to temperatures of 300 °C, 500 °C, and 700 °C for 1 hour in a furnace. After cooling naturally for 24 hours, visual inspection, mass reduction analysis, and evaluation of residual compressive strength were performed. Results Results indicate that 20% garnet replacement yields the highest compressive strength due to pore filling and denser structure. Higher garnet levels lead to reduced strength and increased water absorption. Visual assessment post-heating shows surface alterations, with 20% garnet exhibiting the lowest mass loss and strength reduction at elevated temperatures. Conclusion Notably, specimens containing 20% spent garnet in POC LWAC performed better in a fire than others, enhancing their fire-resistant properties. In summary, this research introduces a hopeful approach to improve the sustainability of concrete and mitigate the environmental repercussions of industrial waste.

Mechanical Properties of Concrete with Recycled Bottle Glass Powder Substitute

Concrete is a material that is widely used in the construction of structural buildings. One of the influential factors for obtaining high quality concrete is the aggregate gradation. If the aggregate gradation has a small size and varies, it can reduce the porosity of the concrete so that the concrete becomes denser which makes the quality of the concrete high. In order to use aggregates with fine gradations, this study proposes glass powder derived from glass bottle waste as a partial replacement for fine aggregates. The glass powder used is in the sizes about 0.150 mm - 0.075 mm. Then, the maximum size of 15 mm for the coarse aggregate and the fine aggregate with the gradation of zone 4 (fine sand) were used for the concrete mix. The purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanical properties of concrete i.e. the compressive and split tensile strength of concrete with glass powder as a partial substitution of fine aggregates with a percentage of 10%, 15%, and 20% at a concrete age of 28 days. This study uses the testing method that refers to ASTM standard. From the test results, it was found that the compressive strength of concrete with 20% glass powder variation (GPC 20%) increased by 11.32% with a value of 38.97MPa compared to the compressive strength of normal concrete (NC) with a value of 35.01 MPa. For the split tensile strength, the concrete with a 20% glass powder variation increased by 15% with a value of 2.71 MPa compared to the split tensile strength of normal concrete with a value of 2.36 MPa. The results showed that the use of glass powder as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in this study was reasonably good to improve its mechanical properties.

Experimental Study on Compressive Strength of the Cement Mortar Cubes with Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate Using Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Plastic

Mortar is a material that consists of cement and sand with a range of applications in the construction industry. However, the plain mortar materials are usually brittle and often crack and fail more suddenly than reinforced mortar. This experimental study is about the compressive strength of cement mortar stabilised with the use of the polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic powder. Generally the compressive strength of cement mortar of mix proportion (1:3) is 33 N/mm² to 53 N/mm² has been obtained after 28 days curing. The cement mortar ratio is 1: 3 respectively. The PVC powder is added along with the sand with percentages of 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10% respectively. And the water cement ratio is 0.5 with volume. The moulds of 70×70×70 mm size were used for the cube test, and the cubes were tested on the Compressive testing machine to determine the strength of cube for 3, 7, 28 days of time period respectively. The main aim of f this study to determine the compressive strength of cement mortar (1:3) of sand added with PVC powder, Key Words:- Waste Plastic, Polyvinyl Chloride, Compressive Strength, Mortar.

Copper heap leach residue aggregates in concrete: Properties and performance

This study assesses the feasibility of using copper heap leach residue (CHLR) as a sustainable alternative to natural aggregates in concrete production. The CHLR possesses flaky-angular shape grains with rough surface texture and microcracks, crystalline silica of 51.6 %, 6.1 mg/g silt-clay with a median particle size of 4.3 mm, and it becomes suitable for the partial replacement of natural fine and coarse aggregates after removing 4.2 mg/g fines through 60-minute wash. Concrete containing 25–75 % CHLR aggregates met design slump and air content of 125±25 mm and 2±0.5 %, respectively, while also demonstrating a negligible 2.9 % reduction in fresh density and 2.8 % increase in compaction factor. Concrete containing 50 % CHLR as a partial replacement of natural coarse and fine aggregates achieved compressive strengths of 47.3 MPa and 45.1 MPa at 28 days, while the compressive strength of control mix was 46.7 MPa. The mechanical properties significantly declined at 75 % CHLR incorporated concretes. The BSE-EDS analysis highlighted improved interfacial transition zone for CHLR aggregates with minimal microcracks at early age compared to the natural aggregates but developed interfacial transition zone microcracks with prolonged curing leading to a decline in mechanical strength development.

Optimizing Concrete Mixtures with Red Soil as a Partial Fine Aggregate Replacement: an In-depth Investigation

An experimental investigation is carried out to study the behavior of concrete by replacing the fine aggregate with locally available red soil. It involves a certain test to find the quality improvement of concrete when red soil is added to it. The partial replacement of sand with red soil has been done according to the specific mix proportion to gain good strength in concrete. In past studies of the journal main problem arising that increase of red soil is to reduce the strength of concrete and it absorb more amount of water. In this project, it is preferred to analysis the strength of M20 Concrete and the amount of red soil is to be added in following percentage such as 15%, 30% & 45%. Mechanical properties such as compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength tests have been carried out for red soil mixed concrete and plain concrete to differentiate the strength and imperviousness in it. The tests are done during 7th, 14th & 28th days after curing.

Study on the Performance of Concrete Using Waste Glass and Sugarcane Bagasse Ash

Abstract: During cement production, the emission of CO2 has significant impact on environment. Apart from this, the extraction of natural aggregates and generation of industrial, agricultural and domestic waste also leads to environment degradation. The use of these waste materials not only helps to reduce the use of natural resources also helps to mitigate the environment pollution. The basic objective of this research is to investigate the effect of Waste Glass (WG) as partial replacement of fine aggregates and Sugarcane Bagasse Ash (SCBA) as partial replacement of cement in concrete. This study primarily deals with the characteristics of concrete, including compressive strength, workability and thermal stability of all concrete mixes at elevated temperature. Twenty-five mixes of concrete were prepared at different replacement levels of WG (0%, 10%, 20%, 30% & 40%) with fine aggregates and SCBA(0%, 5%, 10%, 15% & 20%) with cement. The water/cement ratio in all the mixes was kept at 0.55. The workability of concrete was tested immediately after preparing the concrete whereas the compressive strength of concrete was tested after 14, 28 and 60 days of curing. Based on the test results, a combination of 10% WG and 10% SCBA is the most significant for high strength and economical concrete. This research also indicates that the contribution of WG and SCBA doesn’t change the thermal properties of concrete

Assessment of bond behavior in fly ash cenosphere concrete using plain and deformed rebars

AbstractReplacement of industrial byproducts as the main components of concrete has gained the attention toward the environment in reducing the raw material consumption. Fly ash (FA) cenosphere is one such industrial product used in the concrete as a partial or full replacement of fine aggregate, which can be able to use for non‐structural applications. Whereas for structural applications, reinforcement in the concrete and their bond behavior is an essential factor that influences its structural behavior. Hence, this study explores the bond behavior of plain and deformed rebar, 10 and 12 mm, respectively, in concrete containing 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% FA cenosphere as fine aggregate. A pull‐out test is performed to study the bond behavior experimentally and the results show that the bond strength decreases with increase in the diameter of the rebar irrespective of concrete's compressive strength. The deformed rebar showed a better performance than the plain rebar with an average bond stress of nearly 60%. Finite element analysis has been performed using ANSYS‐ 2022R2 to validate the experimental results with simulated results in which the error percentage is in line with good results.

Mechanical and Durability Studies about the use of Municipal Solid Waste Landfill in Concrete

The best way to keep the required format of the manuscript is to overwrite these instructions with its text. Papers should be written in English. Manuscripts s Landfilling is the most common and cheapest method of waste management practice in India. Municipal Solid Waste Landfills (MSWL) became a nuisance affecting the health, hygiene, sanitation and aesthetics of the surrounding area. Aggregates occupy almost 70% of concrete, so replacing waste materials with them could be a rewarding choice. In the current work, an experimental investigation is being carried out to test the addition of MSWL as a substitution with fine aggregate for concrete production. Out of the different aged samples available at the dumpsite, the most aged sample is chosen for experimental investigations according to the basic physical properties. Concrete mixes, with 0%, 4%, 5%, 7% and 10% partial replacement of fine aggregate with MSWL are tested for mechanical properties such as compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength, and non-destructive test and have proved to be a partial substitute for fine aggregate. Durability studies such as water absorption, acid attack and sulphate attack also gave better experimental proof for the sustainable reuse of this waste material. The research reveals 5% replacement is the optimum considering all the test result values. The paper leads to advanced research for the suitability of the material in the construction industry.

Study On Partial Replacement of Powdered Waste Plastic with Fine Aggregates in Concrete

Using powdered waste plastic as a partial replacement for fine aggregates in concrete is a concept that has gained attention in recent years as a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach to waste management. Incorporating waste plastic into concrete can have several potential benefits, but it also comes with certain challenges. The objective is to develop a suitable composition for a concrete mixture by replacing fine particles with pulverised and granular plastic. To attain the desired strength, the design incorporates a combination of pulverised and granular plastic in concrete, taking into account specific properties such as density, workability, flexural strength, compressive strength, and tensile strength. The restricted movement of aggregates caused by the plastic's resistance could explain the impact of the plastic on the concrete's workability. Moreover, the dried density is reduced, resulting in the formation of a lightweight concrete. The inclusion of waste plastic material in concrete results in a reduction of compressive strength compared to traditional concrete.

Experimental Study on Light Weight Concrete Bricks by Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate with Styrofoam

This study investigated into the effect of Styrofoam used as partial replacement for fine aggregate on properties of concrete bricks such as absorption, density and compressive strength. Furthermore, the optimum Styrofoam content in concrete bricks which meet minimum values specified by local codes was recommended afterwards. Styrofoam content at 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1% and 2% were used in this research. Other constituents of the concrete bricks include: water, cement, sand and Bida Natural Gravel (BNG) in the ratio: 0.5:1:4:2 respectively. Absorption of concrete bricks were taking after 24 hours, 7 days and 28 days. Absorption increased with increasing Styrofoam content but decreased with increasing curing days. For density, there was a significant decrease in weight as the Styrofoam increased in the concrete bricks. Also, compressive strength was inversely proportional to Styrofoam content. At 28 days, absorption of concrete bricks was 2.5%, 5.6% and 8.5% for 0%, 0.2% and 0.4% Styrofoam content respectively. For compressive strength at 7 days, the values were 6.7, 2.9 and 2.0 N/mm2 at 0%, 0.2% and 0.4% Styrofoam content respectively. Furthermore, at 28 days, compressive strength improved to 9.9, 3.8 and 2.1 N/mm2 at 0%, 0.2% and 0.4% Styrofoam content respectively. In conclusion, this research recommended Styrofoam content ranging from 0.2% to 0.4% for use in concrete bricks production as the values for absorption and compressive strength were within minimum requirement as specified by local codes.

The Utilization of Crushed Corn Cob as a Sand Substitute in Portland Cement Mortars for Sustainable Construction

The utilization of mineralized sandy shredded corn cob (SCC) as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in Portland cement mortars (PM) presents an innovative opportunity for sustainable construction and organic waste reutilization. This study aims to assess the impact of SCC, with granulometric variations G1 and G2, on eight mortar formulations (PM, SCC-G1-5%, SCC-G1-10%; SCC-G2-5%, SCC-G2-10%, SCC-G2-15%, SCC-G2-20%, and SCC-G2-30%) with a consistent water-to-cement ratio of 0.55. Fresh-state properties (flowability, temperature, pH, unit weight, and setting time) and hardened-state characteristics (compressive strength at 4, 7, 14, and 28 days) were evaluated. Notably, flowability decreased by 90% for G2 designs with up to 15% SCC, unit weight decreased by up to 12% with SCC-G2-30%, setting time was delayed, and compressive strength for all SCC mortars up to 20% exceeded 21.9 MPa. In conclusion, the partial replacement of sand with a G2 particle-size distribution of SCC is feasible, with an optimal performance observed in SCC-G2-5%.

Green Concrete: Residu Pembakaran Sampah Plastik Dan Tekstil Sebagai Pengganti Sebagian Agregat Halus pada Campuran Beton

Infrastructures are increasing as the population grows. The demand for building materials from the construction industry is also improving. Building materials like fine aggregates come from nature, such as sand. This research aims to partially replace natural fine aggregates in concrete mixes using plastic waste combustion residues. This research uses an experimental method with a quantitative approach. The test specimens used in this study were 24 pieces with a replacement percentage of 0, 5, 10, and 20% residue. The results of this study show that the average concrete strength for replacement of 0, 5, 10, and 20% is 23.77; 23.15; 19.47; 17.77 Mpa. At 5% replacement of fine aggregate, the percentage of concrete strength reached 97.4% of normal concretes. It can be concluded that concrete strength affects the partial replacement of fine aggregates with residues from the combustion of plastic and textile waste.

A Comparative Study Investigating the Feasibility and Potential of Utilising Polymer, Demolition & Glass Waste as a Partial Replacement for Fine and Coarse Aggregate in Concrete

The construction industry is a key CO2 contributor. Contemporary research focuses on formulating cement replacement composites; however, less attention is deliberated to formulating fine/coarse aggregate replacement composites. The waste from different fields contributes enormously to adverse environmental effects, thus necessitating reuse/recycling. The demolition/reconstruction of old buildings/infrastructure is adding further to the waste contribution by the construction industry. The total quantum of fine/coarse aggregate in the construction industry is estimated to be around 20 billion tons, contributing around a billion tons of CO2 . Therefore, even partial replacement of virgin sand/coarse aggregates with various waste materials like glass, rubber, plastic, tyres, recycled concrete and others will economise the cost of manufacturing the concrete with reduced CO2 footprints as eco-friendly materials. This study conducted a comparative analysis for investigation of the characteristic compressive and split tensile strength of concrete composites with partial replacement of virgin sand/coarse aggregate by 10-30% of Crushed Glass (CG), Crumb Rubber (CR), Recycled PET Bottles (RPB), Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) and 5-10% of Shredded Tyres (ST). Generally, all the composites demonstrated par/ better strength with the control mix, achieving the target strength of C55/67 concrete. The composites with CG, RPB and RCA exhibited an improvement in compressive strength, attaining more than 70 MPa (high-performance concrete strength) and up to 10% improvement in split tensile, attaining 4.3 MPa. CR and 5-10% ST exhibited a slight decrease in compressive strengths. All the composites formulated in this study explicate their diverse uses for multipurpose infrastructural applications in the construction industry as improved, economical, eco-friendly waste absorbent composites.

Analisis Penggunaan Serbuk Kaca Dan Pecahan Keramik Terhadap Kuat Tekan Dan Kuat Lentur Beton

In the current technological era, concrete is one of the most widely used building materials in the world, including in Indonesia, therefore good quality concrete will greatly support structural safety. Indonesia is also a developing country that has quite advanced industrial prospects. Glass waste and ceramic waste are increasing in volume every day because many human activities produce glass and ceramics. Most of the glass and ceramic waste is directly disposed of in open areas. This of course will pollute the environment, considering that glass and ceramics are non-recyclable materials. naturally repeated by nature. This study aims to reduce the impact caused by waste glass and ceramic shards that are disposed of directly into nature. By using word powder as a partial replacement for fine aggregate (sand) at a constant 10%, and using ceramic shards as a partial replacement for coarse aggregate at 30%, 40%, and 50%, the compressive strength results are 21.02 MPa, 21.31 MPa, and 26.21 MPa. And the resulting flexural strength is 3.87 MPa, 3.87 MPa, and 3.60 MPa.

Utilization of municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash (MSWIBA) in concrete as partial replacement of fine aggregate

Enhancing sustainable economic development while maintaining environmental integrity is of paramount importance. In this context, the effective utilization of municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash (MSWIBA) presents a significant opportunity. This study investigated an approach for harnessing the potential of MSWIBA by incorporating it as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in concrete mixtures. Twelve concrete samples were prepared with varying proportions of MSWIBA. The mechanical and microstructural properties of the samples were comprehensively investigated. Moreover, the environmental and economic advantages of these concrete formulations were assessed. The results revealed that the water absorption of the concrete samples without MSWIBA was higher than that of the concrete samples with MSWIBA, suggesting that the added MSWIBA could fill the internal pores of concretes. The water absorption rate curve could be divided into three stages, i.e., rapid decline, slow decline, and stable. The optimal replacement ratio of fine aggregate with MSWIBA was between 24.8% and 57.8%. Notably, when the replacement ratio surpassed 24.8%, MSWIBA positively influenced the development of compressive strength, but it still lower than that of composite Portland cement-based concrete (OPC). Furthermore, pore structure analysis indicated that the efficacy of pore refinement was achieved within a certain replacement threshold. However, the efficacy of pore structure refinement diminished beyond that threshold. The substitution of fine aggregate with MSWIBA aligns with the technical specifications and building material standards, thereby complying with the principles of effective utilization, sustainability, and environmental consideration pertinent to MSWIBA management.

The Effect of 0.8% Polyethylene Terephthalate Plastic Waste Substitution on the Flexural Strength on K-175 Concrete

The use of plastics in daily life continues to increase in a variety of uses. One of the most commonly used plastic that is difficult to decompose is Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) plastic. In recent years, such as the construction industry, has been trying to reuse the waste as construction material. Therefore, this research aims to contribute by exploring the effect of PET plastic fiber substitution as fine aggregate on the flexural strength of concrete. PET plastic fibers were used at 0.8% as partial replacement of fine aggregates and then chopped to a size of 5 cm long, 1-3 mm wide. The test results indicate that concrete containing 0.8% PET plastic fiber as a substitution of fine aggregate has a higher flexural strength value of 4.32% which is better than normal concrete. Therefore, using recycled PET fiber in concrete is needed as an eco-friendly and sustainable construction material in the future in order to minimize PET plastic waste and replace it as a concrete constituent material.

The Effect of Bottom Ash as Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate in Different NaOH Molarities on the Compressive Strength of Geopolymer Mortar

This study compared the compressive strength of the geopolymer mortar with different percentages of bottom ash as a replacement for fine aggregate. Fly ash from two sources was blended as raw materials. Sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) were used as alkaline solutions, with a ratio of 2.5 and two NaOH concentrations of 8M and 10M. The percentage of bottom ash was substituted up to 30%. The result indicated that the setting time was longer due to the higher molarity of NaOH. The compressive strength of mortar geopolymer at 10M of NaOH was higher than 8M. Higher percentages of bottom ash significantly decreased the compressive strength. However, at 10M NaOH, the compressive strength was decreased by only 11% (20% of substituting). Increasing the molarity of NaOH decreased the absorption of mortar geopolymer and increased the restrain to sodium sulfate.

Strength and durability assessment of high-strength concrete with weathered crystalline rock waste as a sustainable partial replacement for fine aggregate

Strength and durability assessment of high-strength concrete with weathered crystalline rock waste as a sustainable partial replacement for fine aggregate

Resistência à penetração de cloretos em concretos produzidos com agregado miúdo reciclado e sílica ativa

Abstract The use of by-products and recyclable materials in the production of concrete has become an interesting alternative to mitigate environmental impacts, especially those generated by the construction industry, as long as their mechanical and durability properties do not early compromise the service life of the structures. The resistance of concrete to the penetration of harmful agents, such as chloride ions, is an important property since it directly correlates with the performance, integrity, and durability of reinforced concrete structures. This study evaluate four concrete mixes were cast for aggressiveness class III of NBR 6118 [1] produced with 8% of partial replacement of Portland cement with silica fume, resulting of metallurgical production, and with 30% partial replacement of natural fine aggregates by recycled fine aggregate from fresh concrete waste, obtained from the concrete production process in concrete mixer trucks. At 28 days of age, the specimen was submitted to capillarity, mechanical resistance and chloride migration tests, according to the NT BUILD 492 standard [2]. In general, the results indicated that the proposed replacements improved mechanical properties and chloride ion penetration resistance, mainly with the incorporation of silica fume.

Experimental Study on the Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregates with Copper Slag and Spent Fire Bricks with Addition of Coconut Fiber

Abstract: Nowadays, there's associate increasing curiosity within the development of eco-friendly materials. There are number of new by products and waste materials are generated by various industries on a large scale. Concrete prepared with such recycled materials showed enhancement in workability and durability compared to normal concrete and used in the construction of power plants, chemical plants and under-water structures. CS is manufacturing by-product substance formed from the process of manufacturing copper. Bricks come in a variety of varieties because they are a widely used material. Brick aggregate levels are relatively low, and concrete produces excellent results. So it will be better option to use it as substitute or as a recycled material to prevent environment and land degradation, overcoming problem is indeed a need of present time and future also. The extant of destruction can be reduced if sustainability criteria would be considered. The objective of the investigation is to study mechanical properties of concrete, using copper slag, spent fire bricks with addition of coconut fiber percentages compared with the conventional concrete, hence determined the compressive strength, spilt tensile strength and Flexural strength of concrete. All Destructive tests are performed on concrete to check the strength and durability of this concrete at respective as per specified IS Codes. The result shows that concrete workability is fine and within limits after replacing fine aggregates with copper slag, spent fire bricks with addition of coconut fiber. However, workability gets reduced at higher replacement of materials. The strength parameters such as compressive strength, flexural strength, and split tensile strength also increase and show an optimum value at 21&21% fine aggregates replacement and 1.5% Addition of coconut fibers respectively. Test results are satisfactory up to 21&21% and 1.5% replacement. After this, there is a decrease in the strength of concrete.